Mid North Coast Pioneers - Newcastle to Lismore and beyond

Eric Thomas Oakes ANDERSONAge: 78 years1894–1973

Name: Eric Thomas Oakes ANDERSON

Given names: Eric Thomas Oakes

Surname: ANDERSON

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Events of close relatives
Birth	June 24, 1894 30 24 Wickham, , New South Wales, Australia Address: Charlton Street Source: Births registered in New South Wales. Citation details: 37243/1894 ANDERSON ERIC T O JAMES ELIZA WICKHAM Source: Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Citation details: http://www.strong-family.org/foster/chapter_9.html#grace
Birth of a sister	Nellie Allen ANDERSON August 30, 1896 (Age 2 years) Newcastle, , New South Wales, Australia Source: Births registered in New South Wales. Citation details: 32897/1896 ANDERSON NELLIE A JAMES ELIZA NEWCASTLE Source: Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Citation details: http://www.strong-family.org/foster/chapter_9.html#grace
Birth of a brother	Roy ANDERSON about 1899 (Age 4 years) Newcastle, , New South Wales, Australia Source: Births registered in New South Wales. Citation details: 23304/1899 ANDERSON ROY JAMES ELIZA NEWCASTLE
Death of a brother	Roy ANDERSON about 1899 (Age 4 years) Newcastle, , New South Wales, Australia Source: Deaths Registered in New South Wales Publication: New South Wales Government Citation details: 10184/1899 ANDERSON ROY JAMES ELIZA NEWCASTLE
Marriage of a sibling	George Thomson ERSKINE — Janet Elizabeth L ANDERSON — View this family about 1914 (Age 19 years) Newcastle, , New South Wales, Australia Source: Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Citation details: 16324/1914 ERSKINE GEORGE T ANDERSON JANET E NEWCASTLE Source: Marriages registered in New South Wales. Citation details: 16324/1914 ERSKINE GEORGE T ANDERSON JANET E NEWCASTLE
Death of a maternal grandmother	Janet “Jessie” McLEAN July 4, 1915 (Age 21 years) Moruya, , New South Wales, Australia Address: Mantle Hill Source: Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Source: Emails - Sara Powter Citation details: 25 October 2009 Text: Jessie/Jennet/Janet McLean (the family were illiterate and the scottish accent was very think so her name was often incorrectly written) b 24th March 1831, Saline, Tobermory, Isle of Mull, Scotland or 17 June 1834 arrived “Brilliant” free d 4th July 1915, Mantle Hill Moruya, bur Moruya Cem aged 84, had rheumatism for 5 yrs d as Janet Wynter in Moruya, parents as John & Grace m1 22 July 1855 John McNeil Redbank (Pampoolah) Mid North Coast NSW b June 1918 Nova Scotia, Nth America, son of John immigrated about 1852 aged ca 23 d 19 Apr 1882 Manning River aged 53 Children 11 1 Grace McNeill b 20 May 1856 Tinonee d 1 Dec 1944 Dawson aged 88 Yrs m 9 Aug 1879 Thomas Foster b 24 March 1842 in Launceston Tasmania Thomas was a baker for Thompsons Ltd, Taree d 15 April 1922 after five month hospital stay. Children 7 1 George Foster b 31 Jan 1880 in Taree newspaper apprentice d 12 Aug 1933, of lead poisoning from lead in print. m 16 Aug 1905 Johnann McFadyen in Taree (m as Annie) d 8 Oct 1967 Taree 2 William Manning Foster b 24 Apr 1881 in Wingham d 24 Oct 1942 in Casino m 1904 Ann H Morrow in Wallsend 3 John Delamore (Jack) Foster b 13 March 1884 in Wingham d 20 May 1966 in Newtown aged 82 yrs m 20 May 1910(reg 1911) Florence May Middleton Stroud aged 26 4 Thomas Oswald Foster b Sept 1886 in Taree d 1 Dec 1964 Cooks Lane West Kempsey aged 78 m 1925 Agnes Winifred Simon in Kempsey 5 Janet E G Foster b 1892 m John Lange in Wagga Wagga 6 Sydney Herman (Sid) Foster b 1894 in Taree d 15 Dec 1959 in Taree 7 Edward Foster b 1897 d 1897 in Taree 2 Mary Ann McNeill b 27 June 1859 Taree d 5 Nov 1935 Laurie ton m 27 June 1878 John Bell Taree Children 9 1 James Bell b 1879 2 Norman Bell b 1881 3 Annie McLeod Bell b 1883 m 1933 Stanley Wichard 4 Janet Bell b 1885 5 Leslie D R Bell b 1887 d 1941 m 1933 Margaret Swan 6 Mary Henrietta Bell b 1890 Murwillumbah m 1914 Thomas R McLennan 7 Roy McNeil Bell b 1895 Laurie ton 8 Wilhelmina Elizabeth Bell b 1897 Laurie ton 9 William Allen Bell b 12 Apr 1898 in Laurie ton d 22 July 1959 in Rosebury m 15 Feb 1923 Jessie Sarah Ready in Redfern b 30 May 1892 in Redfern d 18 Dec 1971 in Lakemba Children 1+ 1 John Wiliam (Jack) Bell b 1921 in Sydney d 2002 in Sydney m Apr 1948 Catherine Annette (Nita) Savage in Waverley 3 John McNeil b 1860 Wingham d 12 June 1930 Krambach (mother as Jessie) aged 69/70 4 Allan McNeil b 1862 Manning River d 13 Sept 1927 Krambash (mother as Jessie) aged 64/65 m 1885 Janet Easton Taree 5 Neil McNeil b 1864 Manning River (mother as Jessie) d 7 June 1946 aged 81 or 82 Krambash (mother as Jessie) aged 81/82 m 1892 Mary Jane Martin 6 Annie McNeil b 1866 d 1937 in Randwick aged 70/71 m 1884 William Anderson in Wingham 7 Janet McNeil b 1867 in Manning River m 1898 Quirindi Alfred E Layt 8 Eliza McNeil b 1870 Manning River (mother as Janet) d 1958 m1 1888 James Anderson in Taree m2 1923 Joseph Moyna in Newtown 9 Elizabeth Sarah McNeil b 1873 d 1948 m 1902 William James Thomson Moruya 10 Alexander (Alick) McNeil b 1875 Manning River (mother as Janet) d 1948 In Liverpool (mother as Jessie ) 11 Priscilla Harriet McNeil b 1877 Manning River (mother as Jennet) d 1878 Manning River (mother as Janet) aged 0/1 m2 22 Dec 1882 Delamore Wynter in Sydney (Delamore had 12 children from his previous marriage) Source: Deaths Registered in New South Wales Publication: New South Wales Government Citation details: 13956/1915 WYNTER JANET JOHN GRACE MORUYA Source: Pre 1860 Pioneer Register - Book 1 Publication: Manning Wallamba Family History Society Inc, Taree NSW, 2001 Citation details: 338 Source: Pre 1860 Pioneer Register - Book 2 Publication: Manning Wallamba Family History Society Inc; Taree, NSW;2004 Citation details: 1192 Note: Suffered from rheumatism for 5 years.
Religious marriage	Florence Eileen WILSON — View this family January 24, 1920 (Age 25 years) Newcastle, , New South Wales, Australia Address: Baptist tabernacle Source: Marriages registered in New South Wales. Citation details: 3385/1920 ANDERSON ERIC T O WILSON FLORENCE E NEWCASTLE Source: Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Citation details: http://www.strong-family.org/foster/chapter_9.html#grace
Marriage of a sibling	Erwin Max KAISER — Mina ANDERSON — View this family September 24, 1923 (Age 29 years) Source: Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Citation details: http://www.strong-family.org/foster/chapter_9.html#grace Source: Marriages registered in New South Wales. Citation details: 15058/1923 KEEN ERWIN M ANDERSON MINA NEWTOWN
Marriage of a parent	Joseph MOYNA — Eliza McNEIL — View this family about 1923 (Age 28 years) Newtown, , New South Wales, Australia Source: Marriages registered in New South Wales. Citation details: 15132/1923 MOYNA JOSEPH ANDERSON ELIZA NEWTOWN Source: Emails - Sara Powter Citation details: 25 October 2009 Text: Jessie/Jennet/Janet McLean (the family were illiterate and the scottish accent was very think so her name was often incorrectly written) b 24th March 1831, Saline, Tobermory, Isle of Mull, Scotland or 17 June 1834 arrived “Brilliant” free d 4th July 1915, Mantle Hill Moruya, bur Moruya Cem aged 84, had rheumatism for 5 yrs d as Janet Wynter in Moruya, parents as John & Grace m1 22 July 1855 John McNeil Redbank (Pampoolah) Mid North Coast NSW b June 1918 Nova Scotia, Nth America, son of John immigrated about 1852 aged ca 23 d 19 Apr 1882 Manning River aged 53 Children 11 1 Grace McNeill b 20 May 1856 Tinonee d 1 Dec 1944 Dawson aged 88 Yrs m 9 Aug 1879 Thomas Foster b 24 March 1842 in Launceston Tasmania Thomas was a baker for Thompsons Ltd, Taree d 15 April 1922 after five month hospital stay. Children 7 1 George Foster b 31 Jan 1880 in Taree newspaper apprentice d 12 Aug 1933, of lead poisoning from lead in print. m 16 Aug 1905 Johnann McFadyen in Taree (m as Annie) d 8 Oct 1967 Taree 2 William Manning Foster b 24 Apr 1881 in Wingham d 24 Oct 1942 in Casino m 1904 Ann H Morrow in Wallsend 3 John Delamore (Jack) Foster b 13 March 1884 in Wingham d 20 May 1966 in Newtown aged 82 yrs m 20 May 1910(reg 1911) Florence May Middleton Stroud aged 26 4 Thomas Oswald Foster b Sept 1886 in Taree d 1 Dec 1964 Cooks Lane West Kempsey aged 78 m 1925 Agnes Winifred Simon in Kempsey 5 Janet E G Foster b 1892 m John Lange in Wagga Wagga 6 Sydney Herman (Sid) Foster b 1894 in Taree d 15 Dec 1959 in Taree 7 Edward Foster b 1897 d 1897 in Taree 2 Mary Ann McNeill b 27 June 1859 Taree d 5 Nov 1935 Laurie ton m 27 June 1878 John Bell Taree Children 9 1 James Bell b 1879 2 Norman Bell b 1881 3 Annie McLeod Bell b 1883 m 1933 Stanley Wichard 4 Janet Bell b 1885 5 Leslie D R Bell b 1887 d 1941 m 1933 Margaret Swan 6 Mary Henrietta Bell b 1890 Murwillumbah m 1914 Thomas R McLennan 7 Roy McNeil Bell b 1895 Laurie ton 8 Wilhelmina Elizabeth Bell b 1897 Laurie ton 9 William Allen Bell b 12 Apr 1898 in Laurie ton d 22 July 1959 in Rosebury m 15 Feb 1923 Jessie Sarah Ready in Redfern b 30 May 1892 in Redfern d 18 Dec 1971 in Lakemba Children 1+ 1 John Wiliam (Jack) Bell b 1921 in Sydney d 2002 in Sydney m Apr 1948 Catherine Annette (Nita) Savage in Waverley 3 John McNeil b 1860 Wingham d 12 June 1930 Krambach (mother as Jessie) aged 69/70 4 Allan McNeil b 1862 Manning River d 13 Sept 1927 Krambash (mother as Jessie) aged 64/65 m 1885 Janet Easton Taree 5 Neil McNeil b 1864 Manning River (mother as Jessie) d 7 June 1946 aged 81 or 82 Krambash (mother as Jessie) aged 81/82 m 1892 Mary Jane Martin 6 Annie McNeil b 1866 d 1937 in Randwick aged 70/71 m 1884 William Anderson in Wingham 7 Janet McNeil b 1867 in Manning River m 1898 Quirindi Alfred E Layt 8 Eliza McNeil b 1870 Manning River (mother as Janet) d 1958 m1 1888 James Anderson in Taree m2 1923 Joseph Moyna in Newtown 9 Elizabeth Sarah McNeil b 1873 d 1948 m 1902 William James Thomson Moruya 10 Alexander (Alick) McNeil b 1875 Manning River (mother as Janet) d 1948 In Liverpool (mother as Jessie ) 11 Priscilla Harriet McNeil b 1877 Manning River (mother as Jennet) d 1878 Manning River (mother as Janet) aged 0/1 m2 22 Dec 1882 Delamore Wynter in Sydney (Delamore had 12 children from his previous marriage) Source: Pre 1860 Pioneer Register - Book 1 Publication: Manning Wallamba Family History Society Inc, Taree NSW, 2001 Citation details: 338
Marriage of a sibling	Walter Maxwell SPARKES — Nellie Allen ANDERSON — View this family Type: Religious marriage August 30, 1924 (Age 30 years) Newtown, , New South Wales, Australia Address: St. Stephens' Church of England Source: Marriages registered in New South Wales. Citation details: 10121/1924 SBARKES WALTER M ANDERSON NELLIE A NEWTOWN Source: Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Citation details: http://www.strong-family.org/foster/chapter_9.html#grace
Death of a father	James ANDERSON October 16, 1924 (Age 30 years) Lewisham, , New South Wales, Australia Source: Deaths Registered in New South Wales Publication: New South Wales Government Citation details: 17593/1924 ANDERSON JAMES JAMES ELIZABETH PETERSHAM Source: Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Citation details: http://www.strong-family.org/foster/chapter_9.html#grace
Death of a sister	Janet Elizabeth L ANDERSON June 14, 1942 (Age 47 years) Ashfield, , New South Wales, Australia Address: Masonic Hospital Source: Australian Electoral Roll - NSW - 1936 Publication: 1936 Citation details: http://www.strong-family.org/foster/chapter_9.html#grace
Death of a mother	Eliza McNEIL about June 1958 (Age 63 years) Bondi, , New South Wales, Australia Source: Emails - Sara Powter Citation details: 25 October 2009 Text: Jessie/Jennet/Janet McLean (the family were illiterate and the scottish accent was very think so her name was often incorrectly written) b 24th March 1831, Saline, Tobermory, Isle of Mull, Scotland or 17 June 1834 arrived “Brilliant” free d 4th July 1915, Mantle Hill Moruya, bur Moruya Cem aged 84, had rheumatism for 5 yrs d as Janet Wynter in Moruya, parents as John & Grace m1 22 July 1855 John McNeil Redbank (Pampoolah) Mid North Coast NSW b June 1918 Nova Scotia, Nth America, son of John immigrated about 1852 aged ca 23 d 19 Apr 1882 Manning River aged 53 Children 11 1 Grace McNeill b 20 May 1856 Tinonee d 1 Dec 1944 Dawson aged 88 Yrs m 9 Aug 1879 Thomas Foster b 24 March 1842 in Launceston Tasmania Thomas was a baker for Thompsons Ltd, Taree d 15 April 1922 after five month hospital stay. Children 7 1 George Foster b 31 Jan 1880 in Taree newspaper apprentice d 12 Aug 1933, of lead poisoning from lead in print. m 16 Aug 1905 Johnann McFadyen in Taree (m as Annie) d 8 Oct 1967 Taree 2 William Manning Foster b 24 Apr 1881 in Wingham d 24 Oct 1942 in Casino m 1904 Ann H Morrow in Wallsend 3 John Delamore (Jack) Foster b 13 March 1884 in Wingham d 20 May 1966 in Newtown aged 82 yrs m 20 May 1910(reg 1911) Florence May Middleton Stroud aged 26 4 Thomas Oswald Foster b Sept 1886 in Taree d 1 Dec 1964 Cooks Lane West Kempsey aged 78 m 1925 Agnes Winifred Simon in Kempsey 5 Janet E G Foster b 1892 m John Lange in Wagga Wagga 6 Sydney Herman (Sid) Foster b 1894 in Taree d 15 Dec 1959 in Taree 7 Edward Foster b 1897 d 1897 in Taree 2 Mary Ann McNeill b 27 June 1859 Taree d 5 Nov 1935 Laurie ton m 27 June 1878 John Bell Taree Children 9 1 James Bell b 1879 2 Norman Bell b 1881 3 Annie McLeod Bell b 1883 m 1933 Stanley Wichard 4 Janet Bell b 1885 5 Leslie D R Bell b 1887 d 1941 m 1933 Margaret Swan 6 Mary Henrietta Bell b 1890 Murwillumbah m 1914 Thomas R McLennan 7 Roy McNeil Bell b 1895 Laurie ton 8 Wilhelmina Elizabeth Bell b 1897 Laurie ton 9 William Allen Bell b 12 Apr 1898 in Laurie ton d 22 July 1959 in Rosebury m 15 Feb 1923 Jessie Sarah Ready in Redfern b 30 May 1892 in Redfern d 18 Dec 1971 in Lakemba Children 1+ 1 John Wiliam (Jack) Bell b 1921 in Sydney d 2002 in Sydney m Apr 1948 Catherine Annette (Nita) Savage in Waverley 3 John McNeil b 1860 Wingham d 12 June 1930 Krambach (mother as Jessie) aged 69/70 4 Allan McNeil b 1862 Manning River d 13 Sept 1927 Krambash (mother as Jessie) aged 64/65 m 1885 Janet Easton Taree 5 Neil McNeil b 1864 Manning River (mother as Jessie) d 7 June 1946 aged 81 or 82 Krambash (mother as Jessie) aged 81/82 m 1892 Mary Jane Martin 6 Annie McNeil b 1866 d 1937 in Randwick aged 70/71 m 1884 William Anderson in Wingham 7 Janet McNeil b 1867 in Manning River m 1898 Quirindi Alfred E Layt 8 Eliza McNeil b 1870 Manning River (mother as Janet) d 1958 m1 1888 James Anderson in Taree m2 1923 Joseph Moyna in Newtown 9 Elizabeth Sarah McNeil b 1873 d 1948 m 1902 William James Thomson Moruya 10 Alexander (Alick) McNeil b 1875 Manning River (mother as Janet) d 1948 In Liverpool (mother as Jessie ) 11 Priscilla Harriet McNeil b 1877 Manning River (mother as Jennet) d 1878 Manning River (mother as Janet) aged 0/1 m2 22 Dec 1882 Delamore Wynter in Sydney (Delamore had 12 children from his previous marriage) Source: Deaths Registered in New South Wales Publication: New South Wales Government Citation details: 11064/1958 MOYNA ELIZA 88 YEARS BONDI NEWTOWN Source: Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Citation details: http://www.strong-family.org/foster/chapter_9.html#grace
Burial of a mother	Eliza McNEIL June 25, 1958 (Age 64 years) Matraville, , New South Wales, Australia Cemetery: Eastern Suburbs Memorial Park Source: Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Citation details: http://www.strong-family.org/foster/chapter_9.html#grace
Death of a sister	Nellie Allen ANDERSON about 1971 (Age 76 years) Sydney, , New South Wales, Australia Source: Deaths Registered in New South Wales Publication: New South Wales Government Citation details: 1113/1971 SPARKES NELLIE JAMES ELIZA SYDNEY
Death	March 21, 1973 (Age 78 years) Brisbane, , Queensland, Australia Address: Mt. Olivet Hospital Source: Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Citation details: http://www.strong-family.org/foster/chapter_9.html#grace

Date differences

Family with parents - View this family

father	Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Eliza McNEIL Janet Elizabeth L ANDERSON Mina ANDERSON Eric Thomas Oakes ANDERSON Nellie Allen ANDERSON Roy ANDERSON James ANDERSON Birth: August 21, 1863 — Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, United Kingdom Death: October 16, 1924 — Lewisham, , New South Wales, Australia
mother	Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse James ANDERSON Janet Elizabeth L ANDERSON Mina ANDERSON Eric Thomas Oakes ANDERSON Nellie Allen ANDERSON Roy ANDERSON Family with spouse Joseph MOYNA Eliza McNEIL Birth: December 25, 1869 40 35 — Taree, , New South Wales, Australia Death: about June 1958 — Bondi, , New South Wales, Australia
	Marriage: December 26, 1888 — Taree, , New South Wales, Australia
	Divorce: February 20, 1923 —
1 year elder sister	Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse George Thomson ERSKINE Janet Elizabeth L ANDERSON Birth: December 25, 1889 26 20 — Taree, , New South Wales, Australia Death: June 14, 1942 — Ashfield, , New South Wales, Australia
2 years elder sister	Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Erwin Max KAISER Mina ANDERSON Birth: March 30, 1892 28 22 — Forster, , New South Wales, Australia Death: June 4, 1987 — Sydney, , New South Wales, Australia
2 years himself	Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Florence Eileen WILSON Eric Thomas Oakes ANDERSON Birth: June 24, 1894 30 24 — Wickham, , New South Wales, Australia Death: March 21, 1973 — Brisbane, , Queensland, Australia
2 years younger sister	Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Walter Maxwell SPARKES Nellie Allen ANDERSON Birth: August 30, 1896 33 26 — Newcastle, , New South Wales, Australia Death: about 1971 — Sydney, , New South Wales, Australia
3 years younger brother	Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Roy ANDERSON Birth: about 1899 35 29 — Newcastle, , New South Wales, Australia Death: about 1899 — Newcastle, , New South Wales, Australia

Mother’s family with Joseph MOYNA - View this family

step-father	Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Eliza McNEIL Joseph MOYNA Birth: about 1881 26 27 — New Zealand Death: May 27, 1951 — Nedlands, , Western Australia, Australia
mother	Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse James ANDERSON Janet Elizabeth L ANDERSON Mina ANDERSON Eric Thomas Oakes ANDERSON Nellie Allen ANDERSON Roy ANDERSON Family with spouse Joseph MOYNA Eliza McNEIL Birth: December 25, 1869 40 35 — Taree, , New South Wales, Australia Death: about June 1958 — Bondi, , New South Wales, Australia
	Marriage: about 1923 — Newtown, , New South Wales, Australia

Family with Florence Eileen WILSON - View this family

himself	Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Florence Eileen WILSON Eric Thomas Oakes ANDERSON Birth: June 24, 1894 30 24 — Wickham, , New South Wales, Australia Death: March 21, 1973 — Brisbane, , Queensland, Australia
wife	Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Eric Thomas Oakes ANDERSON Florence Eileen WILSON Birth: September 4, 1898 — Hamilton, , New South Wales, Australia Death: May 13, 1980 — Mt. Gravatt, , Queensland, Australia
	Marriage: January 24, 1920 — Newcastle, , New South Wales, Australia

Show all sources
Birth	Births registered in New South Wales. Citation details: 37243/1894 ANDERSON ERIC T O JAMES ELIZA WICKHAM
Birth	Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Citation details: http://www.strong-family.org/foster/chapter_9.html#grace
Marriage	Marriages registered in New South Wales. Citation details: 3385/1920 ANDERSON ERIC T O WILSON FLORENCE E NEWCASTLE
Marriage	Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Citation details: http://www.strong-family.org/foster/chapter_9.html#grace
Death	Web Site - Philip Strong Publication: Web Site Citation details: http://www.strong-family.org/foster/chapter_9.html#grace